From BrWiki
The population is a controversial issue among Birthright players. Some prefer a "points of light" approach that regards the original figures as shown on the Province Level table as the total number of people in a province.
Others note that this level of population density is inconsistent with with the duration of human habitation of Cerilia or the technological development of the humans there. Those who prefer a larger population, can regard the population figures as households rather than individuals. This allows them to assume a household contains five or more persons, and increase the population proportionately.
Readers should note that in general descriptions on the pages will avoid assuming one position or the other attempting to accommodate both preferences either by general statements or alternate statements.