From BrWiki
A holding is an organization that produces either gold bars, regency points, or both.
Each province contains the capacity to support holdings. There are four types of holdings:
The number of holding establishments of a single type that a province can support cannot exceed the numerical rating of the province. Thus, a province (4) can accommodate up to four establishments of law holdings. (Note that magical sources are calculated differently.)
Holdings reflect the organizations that participate in a single domain. To some extent, holdings reflect the share of activity that occurs in the province. A temple (2) has more influence in a province than a temple (1) in the same province. It has more followers, more influence, and generally makes more money.